Thermal Management in Automobiles

Automobile Electronics

Miniaturization and systems integration lie at the forefront of automobile electronics design, which is itself driven by a demand for vehicles with higher fuel efficiency, improved safety, seamless connectivity, and autonomous functionality. Subsequently, circuit design has evolved to meet demands for higher energy output.

With smaller electronic components and a higher energy density, thermal management becomes a concern. Since the smaller devices have less surface available to act as a heatsink, dissipating heat from these systems remains an operating and safety challenge. Thermal management is an evolving branch of vehicle design that uses advanced thermal interface materials (TIMs) to facilitate better heat conduction away from circuits.

Thermal Management Inside Vehicle Cabins

Some of the main heat-generating electronic components inside the passenger compartment are:

Vehicle Infotainment Systems

These highly integrated, powerful systems with multiple displays where the driver controls a host of functions like Bluetooth, GPS, audio, etc.

Challenge: Today’s infotainment systems contain a high number of circuits and LED chips which produce a lot of heat, making proper thermal management critical.

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)

ADAS integrated multiple systems throughout the vehicle, such as sensors, cameras, connectivity features and above all, a data module that combines the information received from the various components.

Challenge:  The high output of data from these systems demands effective heat dissipation that can ensure continued reliability and function.

Thermal Management Outside Vehicle Cabins

Outside the passenger compartment thermal management becomes a bit more complex, as components not only have to deal with higher operating temperatures, but also with exposure to various environmental factors, such as moisture, salts, corrosive vapors and extreme weather conditions. They are often sealed for mechanical and physical protection, which creates further complications for transferring excess heat and cooling. These components include:

Engine Control Units (ECUs)

ECUs control all electronic aspects of a vehicle from the powertrain system to central locks. ECUs rely on an uninterrupted data flow between input sensors and output components to control engine function.

Challenge: Thanks to the massive amount of information generated by these systems, thermal management becomes crucial to ensure functional integrity and continuity.

Brake System Control

This and different classes of sensors are other systems located outside the passenger cabin that generate heat.

Challenge: Quick and efficient heat dissipation from these systems is crucial for the smooth and safe operation of any vehicle. 

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