How a Car's Braking System Works?

 


Components of a Car's Braking System

  1. Brake Pedal – The brake pedal is the primary interface between you the driver and your car’s braking system. When you apply pressure to the brake pedal, it initiates the braking process.
  2. Brake Master Cylinder – The brake master cylinder converts the force applied to the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure. It contains a reservoir of brake fluid and is responsible for distributing the hydraulic pressure to the individual brakes.
  3. Brake Lines – Brake lines are a network of metal or rubber tubes that carry brake fluid from the master cylinder to the individual brakes. These lines need to be sturdy and resistant to high pressure to ensure the efficient transfer of hydraulic force.
  4. Brake Calipers – Brake calipers are found in disc brake systems and are responsible for clamping the brake pads onto the brake rotor. When the hydraulic pressure is applied, the calipers squeeze the pads against the rotor, creating friction and slowing down the rotation of the wheels.
  5. Brake Pads – Brake pads are made of friction material (usually a composite of various materials) and are pressed against the brake rotor by the calipers. The friction generated between the brake pads and the rotor is what slows down the car.
  6. Brake Rotors – Brake rotors, also known as brake discs, are metal discs attached to the wheels. When the brake pads press against the rotors, the resulting friction causes the wheels to slow down or stop. Rotors are typically made of cast iron or composites, such as carbon-ceramic, for enhanced performance and heat dissipation.
  7. Drum Brakes – Some older cars and certain vehicles still use drum brakes on the rear wheels. Drum brakes consist of a brake drum, brake shoes, and wheel cylinders. When the brake pedal is pressed, the wheel cylinders push the brake shoes against the inside of the brake drum, generating friction and slowing down the vehicle.
  8. Brake Fluid – Brake fluid is a hydraulic fluid that transfers the force from the brake pedal to the brake calipers or wheel cylinders. It needs to have a high boiling point and excellent temperature stability to withstand the heat generated during braking.
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